Total Quality Management (MGT510) Assing. solution required

[azhar042]

Scenario:
Suppose you were working as a quality control manager in Leather shoe manufacturing company. Management observed a major decline in sales during last 6 months. Chief executive called a meeting of purchase and quality control department’s personnel to discuss this serious issue. It was decided in the meeting to start an inquiry to know the actual cause(s) of declining in sales. You were assigned an additional task of supervising the work of inquiry committee. The company submitted its report to top management describing the main reason of declining in sales with the following words: “our products are not standardized due to the lack of staff's training in understanding special and common causes of variation in production process”.

Questions:
Keeping in mind the above scenario you are required to answer the following questions;

a) What do you understand by the term “common causes and special causes of variation?” (10 Marks)
b) Suggest ways to overcome the problem of understanding the common and special causes of variation in the given scenario. (5 Marks)

[azhar042]

Two days are left. please anyone any idea ???

[USAMA]

A) What do you understand by the term “common causes and special causes of variation?
These terms can be defined as
Common causes
These are the usual, historical or the quantifiable variation in the system. Or in the above situation these variations are due to the difference in ladder lots, level of moisture, and difference in color among the different lots, variation due to machines models or variation due to the different in many other mechanical tools.
Special causes
These are the unusual, not previously observed, on unquantifiable variation in a system.
Or in the above situation these are due to the untrained operators, poor martial provided by suppliers, raw martial is not in the standardized form, variation in the measurement, which may be at employee end or at other mechanical or electrical ends.
B) Suggest ways to overcome the problem of understanding the common and special causes of variation in the given scenario.
Below mention suggestion can play an important part in overcoming the problems of understanding the common and special causes of variation in the above situation
• Clearly defined the special or common variation
• Provide the special guidance or training to the employees
• Clearly defined the source of special or common variation
• Obtaining the new methodologies or skills in understanding the variation
• Determine the level of quantitative ability or variation on new or previously exits which can be pay a vital role in overcoming the problems

idea sloution.................

[azhar042]

Thanks

[abdulsaboor]

Common-cause variation
Common-cause variation is characterised by:
Phenomena constantly active within the system;
Variation predictable probabilistically;
Irregular variation within an historical experience base; and
Lack of significance in individual high or low values.
The outcomes of a perfectly balanced roulette wheel are a good example of common-cause variation. Common-cause variation is the noise within the system.
Walter A. Shewhart originally used the term chance-cause.[1] The term common-cause was coined by Harry Alpert in 1947. The Western Electric Company used the term natural pattern.[2] Shewhart called a process that features only common-cause variation as being in statistical control. This term is deprecated by some modern statisticians who prefer the phrase stable and predictable.
[edit]Special-cause variation
Special-cause variation is characterised by:
New, unanticipated, emergent or previously neglected phenomena within the system;
Variation inherently unpredictable, even probabilistically;
Variation outside the historical experience base; and
Evidence of some inherent change in the system or our knowledge of it.
Special-cause variation always arrives as a surprise. It is the signal within a system.
Walter A. Shewhart originally used the term assignable-cause.[3] The term special-cause was coined by W. Edwards Deming. The Western Electric Company used the term unnatural pattern.[2]
[edit]Examples

[edit]Common causes
Inappropriate procedures
Poor design
Poor maintenance of machines
Lack of clearly defined standing operating procedures
Poor working conditions, e.g. lighting, noise, dirt, temperature, ventilation
Substandard raw materials
Assurement error
Quality control error
Vibration in industrial processes
Ambient temperature and humidity
Normal wear and tear
Variability in settings
Computer response time
[edit]Special causes
Poor adjustment of equipment
Operator falls asleep
Faulty controllers
Machine malfunction
Computer crashes
Poor batch of raw material
Power surges
High healthcare demand from elderly people
Broken part
Abnormal traffic (click-fraud) on web ads[4]
Extremely long lab testing turnover time due to switching to a new computer system
Operator absent[5]

[azhar042]

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